ÅÏÑíÓ ÚÈÏÇááå
_3 _November _2017åÜ ÇáãæÇÝÞ 3-11-2017ã, 07:34 AM
Translator's Note
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, and the Most Merciful
All praises are due to Almighty Allah. May His peace and blessings be upon His prophet, Muhammad (peace be upon him), members of his household, as well as his companions, and all those who follow their footstep till the Day of Judgment.
Indeed the importance of studying and understanding the true Islamic creed in the life of a Muslim cannot be overemphasized. With the emergence of several sects within the Muslim Ummah, each claiming to be following the path of the Prophet, one is forced to ask: What is the true Islamic Creed as preached by the Prophet (peace be upon him)?
In response to the above question, a lot of literature has been written by many scholars to explain the fundamentals of the Islamic creed as taught by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). This little piece is one of such efforts in that direction. The author has written it as an introduction to his book ARRISALAH which is basically a book on Islamic jurisprudence in accordance with the Malikiya School of Thought.
I found it worthwhile to translate this piece into English because of its brief and straightforward approach and for the benefit of Muslims who do not understand the Arabic language. I have added footnotes where necessary for more clarification. Quotation marks have also been added to all verses cited by the author with their chapter and verse numbers in the footnote.
Finally, I ask Allah to accept this little effort from me as an act of worship and make this material a source of guidance to all those who would read it.
Idris Abdullahi
Islamic University of Madina
2016.
Brief Biography Of The Author
His name is Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdirrahman Abu Zaid Al-Qeerawani Al-Malikee. He was born in the year 310 AH in the town of Al-Qeerawan in Morocco. He became the leader of the Malikiya School of Thought during his time and was popularly called “the little Malik” because of his vast knowledge in Islamic Jurisprudence. He wrote many books including Arrisala, An-Nawadir wa Az-Ziyadaat and many more. He died in the year 386 AH. (May Allah have mercy on him)[1] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn1)
What Tongues Should Say And Hearts Should Believe Among Obligatory Matters Of The Religion.
Among the obligatory matters of religion is to believe with the heart and to say with the tongue that Allah is the only deity, there is no deity other than Him, and that no one is like Him or equal to Him. He has no son, no father, no wife, and no partner. His precedence has no beginning neither does His finality has an end.
Describers cannot reach His true essence by description; neither can thinkers encompass His affairs. Thinkers take admonition with His signs but they do not meditate on His true nature “and they will never encompass anything from His knowledge except that which He wills. His kursii[2] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn2) extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving and maintaining his creations. He is the Most High, the Greatest”[3] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn3). He is the All-knower, the Most Acquainted (with all things), the Manager (of all affairs), the Capable (He can do all things), the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing, and the Most Exalted.
He (Allah) is up above His ‘Arsh (The Throne of majesty) by His self and in all places by His knowledge. “He created man and He knows what his own self whispers to him and He (Allah) is closer to him (man) than his jugular vein”[4] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn4). Not a leaf drops except that He is aware of it. Neither (is there) a seed in the darkness of the earth, nor anything fresh or dry except that it is written in a clear record. He (Allah) rises above His ‘Arsh and He encompasses dominion.
To Him belongs the beautiful names, and High attributes, and He still retains all His names and attributes. Exalted is He for his attributes to be created, and for His names to be innovated. He spoke to prophet Musa with His speech which is an attribute of His self not a creature among His creations. He appeared to the mountain and it became dust because of His Majesty[5] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn5). The Qur’an is the speech of Allah, not a creation and thus will not perish. It is also not the attribute of a creation and thus will not come to an end.
It is obligatory to believe that Alqadar (Devine measures), good or bad, sweet or bitter is decreed by Allah, our Lord. All destined matters are in His Hands and their occurrences are by His orders. He knows all things before they exist. Thus, everything takes place according to predestination. No statement or action originates from His servants except that He had already predestined it and is well acquainted with it before then. “Shall He who has created not know while He is the subtle, the well acquainted (with everything)”[6] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn6).
He sends astray whom He wills. Thus, He forsakes him by His justice and He guides whom He wills. Thus, He grants him success by His grace. Hence, everybody will find it easy to do such deeds which He (Allah) already knew and has destined will lead him to become wretched or blissful. Exalted is He to have in His dominion what He does not wish or having anybody who can do without Him or be the creator of anything. Only Allah does what he wills, the lord of mankind, the creator of their deeds and the One who decrees their activities and their moments of death.
Allah is the one who has sent messengers to mankind to serve as evidence against them. Then, He concluded the message and prophet hood with Muhammad (Peace be upon him). So, He made him the last of the prophets, the bearer of glad tidings and a Warner. One who invites to Allah by His leave and a lamp spreading light. He has revealed to him His book of perfection and He has explained through him His religion and He guided people through him to the straight path.
It is also obligatory to believe that the Hour (Day of Judgment) is coming. No doubt about it and Allah will raise the dead as He created them. Allah will double the rewards of His pious servants and will pardon them over their major sins because of their repentance. He will forgive them their minor sins because of their abstinence from major sins. He has put those who die without repenting from their great sins under His will. “Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him (in worship), but He forgives whom He will sins other than that.”[7] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn7)
Whoever Allah punishes with His hell, He releases him from it with his faith, and admits him into His paradise. “And whoever does good equal to the weight of an atom shall see it.”[8] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn8) And whoever the prophet (peace be upon him) intercedes for among the people of Major Sins in his Ummah will be released from the Hell fire.
It is part of the Islamic creed to believe that Allah has already created paradise and has prepared it as an eternal place of abode for His Auliyaa[9] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn9) and will give them the honor of looking at His gracious face (therein). That was the paradise, from which Adam, Allah’s prophet and successor on earth was brought down to the earth. He has also already created Hell fire and has prepared it as an eternal place of abode for those who disbelieve in Him, His signs, books and messengers. He will also make them to be veiled and covered from seeing Him.
Allah will come on the Day of Judgment with the angels in rows to present the nations and their accounts, their punishments and rewards. And scales will be placed to weigh the deeds of the servants. For those whose balance (of good deeds) will be heavier, they are the successful ones and they will be given their records with their deeds. “For him, who will be given his record in his right hand, he surely will receive an easy reckoning and for him who will be given his record behind his back, those are the ones that will enter hell.”[10] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn10)
It is also obligatory to believe that the sirat[11] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn11) is true. The servants will cross it according to their deeds. So, they will escape from the hell fire in varying speed. And some people will be destroyed therein because of their bad deeds.
It is part of the Islamic creed to believe in the existence of the Haudh[12] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn12) of Allah’s messenger. His Ummah will come to it (on the Day of Judgment) and whoever drinks from it will never feel thirst again while those who changed and altered (the religion with innovations) will be driven away from it.
Eeeman (faith) entails declaration of the tongue, sincerity of the heart and acts of the limbs. It increases as (good) deeds increase and decreases when they decrease. The declaration of faith will not be complete except (if it is backed up) with deeds. Neither will the declaration and deeds be complete except with (sincerity of) intention. Nor will the declaration, deeds, and intention be complete except they are in accordance with the practices of the Prophet.
No one among the believers becomes a disbeliever because of a sin he has committed (provided it is not shirk i.e. associating partners with Allah and provided one does not believe such a sin is permissible).
The martyrs are alive and their Lord gives them provisions[13] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn13).The souls of those who have attained bliss will remain everlasting and gentle (in their graves) to the Day of Resurrection while the souls of the wretched will remain under punishment (in their graves) till the Day of Judgment. The believers will be tested in their graves and will be questioned. “Allah will keep firm those who believe, with the word that stands firm in this world (i.e. they will keep on worshipping Allah alone and none else), and in the Hereafter.”[14] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn14)
The servants are together with guardians taking record of their deeds and nothing from that falls short of the knowledge of their Lord[15] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn15). It should also be noted that the angel of death takes away souls only with the permission of his Lord.
The best generation is the generation of those who saw the Messenger of Allah and believed in him and then, those who followed them and those who followed them[16] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn16). The best among the companions of the Prophet are the four rightly guided successors: Abubakar, then Umar, then Uthman, then Ali, may Allah be pleased with all of them[17] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn17). No one among the companions of the Prophet should be mentioned except in good terms and one should be silent over the disputes that took place between them. They are the most deserving people to be respected and be thought of in good faith.
The Islamic creed also teaches obedience to the leaders of the Muslims and those in charge of their affairs as well as their religious scholars.
It is obligatory to follow the footsteps of the pious predecessors and, to always seek the forgiveness of Allah upon them. Disputes and arguments in the religion must be avoided and one should do away with all that have been innovated into the religion by innovators[18] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn18).
[1] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref1) See “Tarteebul Madaarik” of Al-Qadhi Iyadh
[2] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref2) Kursii: literally means a footstool or chair. It is narrated from Muhammad bin Abdullah and from other religious scholars that the Kursii is in front of the ‘Arsh (throne) and it is at the level of the feet.
[3] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref3) Excerpt from Qur’an 2:255
[4] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref4) Excerpt from Qur’an50:16. some scholars of tafseer interpret Allah's closeness to man in the verse to mean by His knowledge while ibn kathir in his tafseer said the meaning is that Allah is close to man by his angels just as Allah said in respect of one who is at the point of death: But we (i.e our angels who take soul) are closer to him than you, but you see not. Surah 56:85.
[5] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref5)This occurred when Musa said to Allah: “O my lord! Show me (yourself), that I may look at you.” Allah said “you cannot see me, but look at the mountain, if it stands still in its place then you shall see me” so when Allah appeared to the mountain, it became dust. See surah7:143.
[6] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref6)Excerpt from Qur’an 67:14. Allah's knowledge compasses what has occurred, what will occur, and what did not occur, if it was to occur, how it will occur.
[7] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref7) Excerpt from Qur’an4:116
[8] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref8) Excerpt from Qur’an 99:7
[9] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref9) Auliyaa: those who believe in the oneness of Allah and fear Allah much by abstaining from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which Allah has forbidden and love Allah much.
[10] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref10) Excerpt from Qur’an84:7-10
[11] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref11)Sirat: a very thin bridge which will be placed across hell fire on the Day of Judgment.
[12] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref12)Haudh: a large water basin in front of paradise. Its source of water is the Kauthar River inside paradise.
[13] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref13) Allah says: “And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision” (Q3:169)
[14] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref14) Excerpt from Qur’an 14:27
[15] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref15) Allah says: “Man does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared (to record) [Q50:18]
[16] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref16)Sahihul Bukhari No. 3651
[17] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref17) This is their order of precedence and superiority.
[18] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref18) The prophet said: “He who innovates something in this affair of ours that is not of it, will have it rejected.” (reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, and the Most Merciful
All praises are due to Almighty Allah. May His peace and blessings be upon His prophet, Muhammad (peace be upon him), members of his household, as well as his companions, and all those who follow their footstep till the Day of Judgment.
Indeed the importance of studying and understanding the true Islamic creed in the life of a Muslim cannot be overemphasized. With the emergence of several sects within the Muslim Ummah, each claiming to be following the path of the Prophet, one is forced to ask: What is the true Islamic Creed as preached by the Prophet (peace be upon him)?
In response to the above question, a lot of literature has been written by many scholars to explain the fundamentals of the Islamic creed as taught by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). This little piece is one of such efforts in that direction. The author has written it as an introduction to his book ARRISALAH which is basically a book on Islamic jurisprudence in accordance with the Malikiya School of Thought.
I found it worthwhile to translate this piece into English because of its brief and straightforward approach and for the benefit of Muslims who do not understand the Arabic language. I have added footnotes where necessary for more clarification. Quotation marks have also been added to all verses cited by the author with their chapter and verse numbers in the footnote.
Finally, I ask Allah to accept this little effort from me as an act of worship and make this material a source of guidance to all those who would read it.
Idris Abdullahi
Islamic University of Madina
2016.
Brief Biography Of The Author
His name is Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdirrahman Abu Zaid Al-Qeerawani Al-Malikee. He was born in the year 310 AH in the town of Al-Qeerawan in Morocco. He became the leader of the Malikiya School of Thought during his time and was popularly called “the little Malik” because of his vast knowledge in Islamic Jurisprudence. He wrote many books including Arrisala, An-Nawadir wa Az-Ziyadaat and many more. He died in the year 386 AH. (May Allah have mercy on him)[1] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn1)
What Tongues Should Say And Hearts Should Believe Among Obligatory Matters Of The Religion.
Among the obligatory matters of religion is to believe with the heart and to say with the tongue that Allah is the only deity, there is no deity other than Him, and that no one is like Him or equal to Him. He has no son, no father, no wife, and no partner. His precedence has no beginning neither does His finality has an end.
Describers cannot reach His true essence by description; neither can thinkers encompass His affairs. Thinkers take admonition with His signs but they do not meditate on His true nature “and they will never encompass anything from His knowledge except that which He wills. His kursii[2] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn2) extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving and maintaining his creations. He is the Most High, the Greatest”[3] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn3). He is the All-knower, the Most Acquainted (with all things), the Manager (of all affairs), the Capable (He can do all things), the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing, and the Most Exalted.
He (Allah) is up above His ‘Arsh (The Throne of majesty) by His self and in all places by His knowledge. “He created man and He knows what his own self whispers to him and He (Allah) is closer to him (man) than his jugular vein”[4] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn4). Not a leaf drops except that He is aware of it. Neither (is there) a seed in the darkness of the earth, nor anything fresh or dry except that it is written in a clear record. He (Allah) rises above His ‘Arsh and He encompasses dominion.
To Him belongs the beautiful names, and High attributes, and He still retains all His names and attributes. Exalted is He for his attributes to be created, and for His names to be innovated. He spoke to prophet Musa with His speech which is an attribute of His self not a creature among His creations. He appeared to the mountain and it became dust because of His Majesty[5] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn5). The Qur’an is the speech of Allah, not a creation and thus will not perish. It is also not the attribute of a creation and thus will not come to an end.
It is obligatory to believe that Alqadar (Devine measures), good or bad, sweet or bitter is decreed by Allah, our Lord. All destined matters are in His Hands and their occurrences are by His orders. He knows all things before they exist. Thus, everything takes place according to predestination. No statement or action originates from His servants except that He had already predestined it and is well acquainted with it before then. “Shall He who has created not know while He is the subtle, the well acquainted (with everything)”[6] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn6).
He sends astray whom He wills. Thus, He forsakes him by His justice and He guides whom He wills. Thus, He grants him success by His grace. Hence, everybody will find it easy to do such deeds which He (Allah) already knew and has destined will lead him to become wretched or blissful. Exalted is He to have in His dominion what He does not wish or having anybody who can do without Him or be the creator of anything. Only Allah does what he wills, the lord of mankind, the creator of their deeds and the One who decrees their activities and their moments of death.
Allah is the one who has sent messengers to mankind to serve as evidence against them. Then, He concluded the message and prophet hood with Muhammad (Peace be upon him). So, He made him the last of the prophets, the bearer of glad tidings and a Warner. One who invites to Allah by His leave and a lamp spreading light. He has revealed to him His book of perfection and He has explained through him His religion and He guided people through him to the straight path.
It is also obligatory to believe that the Hour (Day of Judgment) is coming. No doubt about it and Allah will raise the dead as He created them. Allah will double the rewards of His pious servants and will pardon them over their major sins because of their repentance. He will forgive them their minor sins because of their abstinence from major sins. He has put those who die without repenting from their great sins under His will. “Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him (in worship), but He forgives whom He will sins other than that.”[7] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn7)
Whoever Allah punishes with His hell, He releases him from it with his faith, and admits him into His paradise. “And whoever does good equal to the weight of an atom shall see it.”[8] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn8) And whoever the prophet (peace be upon him) intercedes for among the people of Major Sins in his Ummah will be released from the Hell fire.
It is part of the Islamic creed to believe that Allah has already created paradise and has prepared it as an eternal place of abode for His Auliyaa[9] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn9) and will give them the honor of looking at His gracious face (therein). That was the paradise, from which Adam, Allah’s prophet and successor on earth was brought down to the earth. He has also already created Hell fire and has prepared it as an eternal place of abode for those who disbelieve in Him, His signs, books and messengers. He will also make them to be veiled and covered from seeing Him.
Allah will come on the Day of Judgment with the angels in rows to present the nations and their accounts, their punishments and rewards. And scales will be placed to weigh the deeds of the servants. For those whose balance (of good deeds) will be heavier, they are the successful ones and they will be given their records with their deeds. “For him, who will be given his record in his right hand, he surely will receive an easy reckoning and for him who will be given his record behind his back, those are the ones that will enter hell.”[10] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn10)
It is also obligatory to believe that the sirat[11] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn11) is true. The servants will cross it according to their deeds. So, they will escape from the hell fire in varying speed. And some people will be destroyed therein because of their bad deeds.
It is part of the Islamic creed to believe in the existence of the Haudh[12] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn12) of Allah’s messenger. His Ummah will come to it (on the Day of Judgment) and whoever drinks from it will never feel thirst again while those who changed and altered (the religion with innovations) will be driven away from it.
Eeeman (faith) entails declaration of the tongue, sincerity of the heart and acts of the limbs. It increases as (good) deeds increase and decreases when they decrease. The declaration of faith will not be complete except (if it is backed up) with deeds. Neither will the declaration and deeds be complete except with (sincerity of) intention. Nor will the declaration, deeds, and intention be complete except they are in accordance with the practices of the Prophet.
No one among the believers becomes a disbeliever because of a sin he has committed (provided it is not shirk i.e. associating partners with Allah and provided one does not believe such a sin is permissible).
The martyrs are alive and their Lord gives them provisions[13] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn13).The souls of those who have attained bliss will remain everlasting and gentle (in their graves) to the Day of Resurrection while the souls of the wretched will remain under punishment (in their graves) till the Day of Judgment. The believers will be tested in their graves and will be questioned. “Allah will keep firm those who believe, with the word that stands firm in this world (i.e. they will keep on worshipping Allah alone and none else), and in the Hereafter.”[14] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn14)
The servants are together with guardians taking record of their deeds and nothing from that falls short of the knowledge of their Lord[15] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn15). It should also be noted that the angel of death takes away souls only with the permission of his Lord.
The best generation is the generation of those who saw the Messenger of Allah and believed in him and then, those who followed them and those who followed them[16] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn16). The best among the companions of the Prophet are the four rightly guided successors: Abubakar, then Umar, then Uthman, then Ali, may Allah be pleased with all of them[17] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn17). No one among the companions of the Prophet should be mentioned except in good terms and one should be silent over the disputes that took place between them. They are the most deserving people to be respected and be thought of in good faith.
The Islamic creed also teaches obedience to the leaders of the Muslims and those in charge of their affairs as well as their religious scholars.
It is obligatory to follow the footsteps of the pious predecessors and, to always seek the forgiveness of Allah upon them. Disputes and arguments in the religion must be avoided and one should do away with all that have been innovated into the religion by innovators[18] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftn18).
[1] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref1) See “Tarteebul Madaarik” of Al-Qadhi Iyadh
[2] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref2) Kursii: literally means a footstool or chair. It is narrated from Muhammad bin Abdullah and from other religious scholars that the Kursii is in front of the ‘Arsh (throne) and it is at the level of the feet.
[3] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref3) Excerpt from Qur’an 2:255
[4] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref4) Excerpt from Qur’an50:16. some scholars of tafseer interpret Allah's closeness to man in the verse to mean by His knowledge while ibn kathir in his tafseer said the meaning is that Allah is close to man by his angels just as Allah said in respect of one who is at the point of death: But we (i.e our angels who take soul) are closer to him than you, but you see not. Surah 56:85.
[5] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref5)This occurred when Musa said to Allah: “O my lord! Show me (yourself), that I may look at you.” Allah said “you cannot see me, but look at the mountain, if it stands still in its place then you shall see me” so when Allah appeared to the mountain, it became dust. See surah7:143.
[6] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref6)Excerpt from Qur’an 67:14. Allah's knowledge compasses what has occurred, what will occur, and what did not occur, if it was to occur, how it will occur.
[7] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref7) Excerpt from Qur’an4:116
[8] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref8) Excerpt from Qur’an 99:7
[9] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref9) Auliyaa: those who believe in the oneness of Allah and fear Allah much by abstaining from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which Allah has forbidden and love Allah much.
[10] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref10) Excerpt from Qur’an84:7-10
[11] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref11)Sirat: a very thin bridge which will be placed across hell fire on the Day of Judgment.
[12] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref12)Haudh: a large water basin in front of paradise. Its source of water is the Kauthar River inside paradise.
[13] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref13) Allah says: “And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision” (Q3:169)
[14] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref14) Excerpt from Qur’an 14:27
[15] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref15) Allah says: “Man does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared (to record) [Q50:18]
[16] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref16)Sahihul Bukhari No. 3651
[17] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref17) This is their order of precedence and superiority.
[18] (http://www.afaqattaiseer.org/vb/#_ftnref18) The prophet said: “He who innovates something in this affair of ours that is not of it, will have it rejected.” (reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)