الدرس التاسع: التَّحْذِيرُ من النِّفاقِ (1/3)

[إدريس عبدالله]

الدرس التاسع: التَّحْذِيرُ من النِّفاقِ (1/3)

النِّفاقُ هو: مُخالفةُ الظاهرِ للباطِنِ، وهو على قِسْمينِ:
· نِفاقٌ أكْبَرُ مُخْرِجٌ عن مِلَّةِ الإسلامِ.
· ونِفاقٌ أصْغَرُ لا يُخْرِجُ من المِلَّةِ.

- أما النِّفاقُ الأَكْبَرُ فهو إِظْهَارُ الإِسْلامِ وإِضْمَارُ الكُفْرِ.
- وأَمَّا النِّفاقُ الأصْغَرُ فهو أن يَكونُ لدَى العبدِ بعضُ خِصالِ المُنافِقِينَ التي لا تُخْرِجُ من المِلَّةِ لذاتِها كالكَذِبِ في الحديثِ وإخلافِ الوَعْدِ وخيانةِ الأمانةِ والفُجورِ في الخُصومةِ والغَدْرِ بالعَهْدِ؛ وهذه الخصالُ سُمِّيت نِفاقًا لما فيها من مُخادعةٍ ومُخالفةِ ظَاهِرِ الشَّخْصِ لباطِنِه.

وأصحابُ النِّفاقِ الأكبرِ المُخْرِجِ من المِلَّةِ على صِنْفَيْنِ:
الصِّنْفُ الأوَّلُ: مَن لم يُسْلِمْ على الحقيقةِ، وإنما أظْهَرَ الإسلامَ خَدِيعةً ومَكْرًا ليَكِيدَ الإسلامَ وأهْلَه، ولِيَأْمَنَ على نفسِه من القتلِ والتعزيرِ وإنكارِ المسلمين عليه، وهو في الباطنِ لا يُؤمِنُ باللهِ ولا باليومِ الآخِرِ.
قال اللهُ تعالى: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ (8) يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾[البقرة: ٨–٩].
وقال تعالى: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ (1) اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ [المنافقون: ١–٢].

الصِّنْفُ الثاني: مَن يَرْتَدُّ بعدَ إسلامِه بارتكابِه ما يَنْقُضُ الإسلامَ ويُخْرِجُ من المِلَّةِ مع إظهارِه للإسلامِ، ومنهم مَن يُعْلَمُ بكُفْرِه وانْسِلاخِه من الدِّينِ، ومنهم مَن يَحْسَبُ أنه يُحْسِنُ صُنْعًا.
ويَكْثُرُ في أهلِ هذا الصِّنْفِ التَّردُّدُ والتَّذَبْذُبُ والشكُّ؛ لأنهم يَعْمَلُون ببَعْضِ أعمالِ المسلمين ويَقَعُونَ في أعمالِ الكُفْرِ والتَّكْذيبِ.
قال اللهُ تعالى:﴿إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ خَادِعُهُمْ وَإِذَا قَامُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَامُوا كُسَالَى يُرَاءُونَ النَّاسَ وَلَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا (142) مُذَبْذَبِينَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ لَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَلَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: ١٤٢–١٤٣].
وقال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَى وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٥٤].
فوُقُوعُهم في أعمالِ الكُفْرِ باللهِ وبرُسولِه مَانِعٌ من قَبُولِ أعمالِهم؛ فإنَّ اللهَ تعالى لا يَقْبَلُ من كافرٍ عَمَلاً.
وكَسَلُهم عندَ القيامِ للصلاةِ وكَرَاهَتُهم للإنفاقِ في سبيلِ اللهِ دَلِيلٌ على أنهم لم يُصَدِّقوا بوَعْدِ اللهِ ولم يَرْجُوا لقاءَه.
وقِلَّةُ ذِكْرِهم للهِ سَبَبُه أنهم يَذْكُرونَ اللهَ بألسنتِهم رِياءً ونِفاقًا وقُلُوبُهم غَيْرُ مُحِبَّةٍ لدينِ اللهِ تعالى؛ فهم بذلك مُذَبْذَبونَ مُتَرَدِّدونَ ليسوا كالكُفَّارِ ظَاهِرًا وبَاطِنًا، ولا مِن المؤمنين ظاهرًا وباطنًا.
قال ابنُ كثيرٍ: (ومنهم مَن يَعْتريهِ الشكُّ، فتَارَةً يَمِيلُ إلى هؤلاءِ، وتَارَةً يَمِيلُ إلى أولئكَ ﴿كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠]، الآية) ا.هـ.
قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ رضِي الله عنهما سَمِعتُ النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يقولُ: ((مَثَلُ المُنافِقِ كمَثَلِ الشَّاةِ العَائِرَةِ بينَ الغَنَمَيْنِ تَعِيرُ إلى هذه مَرَّةً وإلى هذه مَرَّةً)). رواه مسلمٌ
وفي روايةٍ في مُسندِ الإمامِ أحمدَ: ((تَعِيرُ إلى هذهِ مَرَّةً وإلى هذه مَرَّةً، لا تَدْرِي أهذه تَتَّبِعُ أم هذه؟!)).

وقد بيَّنَ اللهُ تعالى في كتابِه الكريمِ، وبيَّنَ النبيُّ صلَّى اللهُ عليهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سُنَّتِهِ المُطهَّرةِ أعمالَ المنافقينَ وخِصالَهم وعلاماتِهم وعُقوباتِهم في الدنيا والآخِرَةِ، وأحْكَامَ مُعامَلَتِهم، وما يَجِبُ على المُؤمنِ من الحَذَرِ من النِّفاقِ والمنافقين؛ فهم ألدُّ الأعداءِ وأعْظَمُهم خَطَرًا، وقد قالَ اللهُ تعالى فيهم: ﴿هُمُ الْعَدُوُّ فَاحْذَرْهُمْ﴾ [المنافقون: ٤].
فيَجِبُ على المُؤمِنِ أن يَحْذَرَ من كَيْدِهم ومَكْرِهم، ويَحْذَرَ من الاغترارِ بما يُزَيِّنُونَ من أعمالِ الكفرِ والفُسوقِ والعِصْيانِ، ويَحْذَرَ من التَّخَلُّقِ بأخلاقِهم والاتصافِ بصِفَاتِهم.

والمنافقونَ من الصِّنْفِينِ مُتفاوِتونَ في نِفاقِهم فبَعْضُهم أعْظَمُ نِفاقًا وكُفْرًا من بَعْضٍ:
– فمنهم المَارِدُونَ على النِّفاقِ، وهم شَدِيدُو العَداوةِ والكَيْدِ للإسلامِ والمسلمين، الذين يَترَبَّصونَ بالمسلمين الدَّوائِرَ، ويَسْعَوْنَ للفِتْنةِ بينَهم وتَوْهينِهم، وتَهْويلِ شَأْنِ الكُفَّارِ وتَمْكينِهم؛ فلذلك يَبُثُّونَ الشائعاتِ والأكاذيبَ والأراجِيفَ، ويُثِيرونَ الشُّبُهاتِ، ويُزَيِّنونَ الشَّهواتِ، ويُشِيعونَ الفَوَاحِشَ، ويُؤْذُونَ المسلمين في أنفسِهم وأعراضِهم بطُرقٍ ماكرةٍ ومكائِدَ دَنِيئَةٍ، ويَسْعَوْنَ للتَّضْيِيقِ عليهم في أمورِ دِينِهم ودُنْياهم بما يَسْتَطِيعونَ.
ويُنَفِّرونَ من الدَّعْوةِ إلى اللهِ والجهادِ في سبيلِه والأمرِ بالمعروفِ والنَّهْيِ عن المُنْكَرِ، ويُسَمُّونَ ما يَقُومونَ به من الفَسادِ والإفسادِ إصلاحًا، ويَصِفُونَ المؤمنين بالسَّفَهِ والجَهْلِ وقِلَّةِ المَعْرفةِ.
ويَنْفِرونَ من تَحْكِيمِ الشَّريعةِ، ويُرِيدُونَ أن يَتحاكَمُوا إلى الطاغوتِ، ويُبْغِضُونَ المُجاهِدِينَ في سبيلِ اللهِ ومَن يَنْصُرُ الإسلامَ والمسلمين.
قال النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: ((آيةُ الإيمانِ حُبُّ الأنصارِ، وآيةُ النِّفاقِ بُغْضُ الأنصارِ)) متفق عليه من حديثِ أنسِ بنِ مالكٍ رضِي الله عنه.
فلأَجْلِ أنَّ الأنصارَ نَصَرُوا الدِّينَ كان بُغْضُ مَن أبْغَضَهم عَلامةً بَيِّنَةً على نفاقِه.
ويَجْمَعُ وَصْفَ أعمالِ المنافقينَ أنَّهم يَأْمُرونَ بالمُنْكَرِ ويَنْهَوْنَ عن المَعْروفِ ويَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُم.
ومن عَلاماتِ هؤلاء أنَّهم إذا أصابَ المُؤمنين بَلاءٌ ومِحْنَةٌ سَرَّهم ذلك وفَرِحوا به، وشَمِتوا بالمُؤْمِنينَ، وإذا أصابَ المؤمنين خَيْرٌ ونَصْرٌ ورِفْعَةٌ ساءَهم ذلك.
ولذلك كانَ من أَعْظَمِ صِفاتِهم وألصقِها بهم أنهم يَتَّخِذُونَ الكافرينَ أولياءَ مِن دُونِ المؤمنين، ويُفْضُون إليهم بعَوْراتِ المُسلمين، ويُحَرِّضُونَهم على حَرْبِهم والتَّسلُّطِ عليهم، ويَسْتَنْصِرُونَ بهم على ذلك.
قال اللهُ تعالى: ﴿بَشِّرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا (138) الَّذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيَبْتَغُونَ عِنْدَهُمُ الْعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا (139) وَقَدْ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ أَنْ إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ آَيَاتِ اللَّهِ يُكْفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسْتَهْزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقْعُدُوا مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى يَخُوضُوا فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ إِنَّكُمْ إِذًا مِثْلُهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَامِعُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا (140) الَّذِينَ يَتَرَبَّصُونَ بِكُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فَتْحٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نَصِيبٌ قَالُوا أَلَمْ نَسْتَحْوِذْ عَلَيْكُمْ وَنَمْنَعْكُمْ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَبِيلًا (141)﴾ [النساء: ١٣٨–١٤١].
وهذه الأعمالُ المَذْكورةُ هي لأصنافٍ من المنافقين؛ فمنهم مَن يَقَعُ في أكثرِها، ومنهم مَن يَقَعُ في شَيْءٍ منها، وكلُّ مَن أظْهَرَ الإسلامَ وارْتَكَبَ ما يخرجُ بهِ من مِلَّةِ الإِسْلامِ فهو مُنافِقٌ كَافِرٌ.
– ومن المُنافِقِينَ مَن هو مُتَرَدِّدٌ بينَ الإسلامِ والكُفْرِ، فتَارَةً يَعْمَلُ أعمالَ المسلمين ظاهِرًا وباطِنًا، وتَارَةً يَرْتَكِبُ ما يَخْرُجُ به من دينِ الإسلامِ، فهو مُتَذَبْذِبٌ مُتَرَدِّدٌ، لم يُخْلِصْ دينَهُ للهِ، ولم يَثْبُتْ قَدَمُه فِي الإسلامِ، ولم يُصَدِّقْ بوَعْدِ اللهِ.
وهؤلاء يُبَيِّنُ الابتلاءُ حالَهُم ويَكْشِفُ عَوَارَهم ونِفَاقَهُم، ويُعاقَبُون بالطَّبْعِ على قُلوبِهم، وبالرِّيبةِ والشَّكِّ والتَّردُّدِ في أحوالِهم وأعمالِهم، وذلك لأنهم عَرَفوا الحقَّ فلم يَتَّبِعوه، ووَعَظَهم اللهُ فلم يَسْتَجِيبُوا لمَوَاعِظِه ولم يَتَّبِعوا هُداه، ولم يكن لَدَيْهم يَقِينٌ بصِدْقِ وَعْدِ اللهِ وَوَعْدِ رَسُولِه، وغَلَبَ على قُلوبِهم التَّعَامِي عن هُدَى اللهِ، وإيثارُ الحياةِ الدنيا، واتباعُ ما تَهْوَى الأَنْفُسُ.
قال الله تعالى: ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ آَمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا فَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ [المنافقون: ٣].
وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آَمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ سَبِيلًا (137) بَشِّرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ١٣٧–١٣٨].
وأهلُ هذا الصِّنْفِ من المنافقين يَقَعُونَ في أعمالٍ كُفْريَّةٍ مُخرِجةٍ عن المِلَّةِ؛ كمُوالاةِ الكُفَّارِ في الفِتَنِ والشدائدِ، والاستهزاءِ بالدِّينِ وسَبِّ اللهِ ورسولِه، والنُّفورِ من تَحْكيمِ الشريعةِ، وإرادةِ تَحْكيمِ الطَّاغوتِ، والتكذيبِ بوَعْدِ اللهِ، ونحوِ ذلك من الأعمالِ والأقوالِ والاعتقاداتِ التي تُخْرِجُ صاحبَها من مِلَّةِ الإسلامِ.

والعبدُ قد يَكْفُرُ بكلمةٍ يَقولُها، كما قال اللهُ تعالى في المنافقين: ﴿يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٤]؛ فهؤلاء كفروا بكلمةٍ قالوها بعدما كانوا مسلمين.
وقال حُذيفةُ بنُ اليَمَانِ رضِي الله عنه: (إنْ كانَ الرجُلُ لَيَتكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ على عهدِ رسولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فيَصِيرُ مُنافِقًا، وإنِّي لأَسْمَعُها من أَحَدِكم في المَقْعَدِ الوَاحِدِ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ.
لَتَأمُرُنَّ بالمعروفِ ولَتَنْهَوُنَّ عن المُنْكَرِ، ولَتَحَاضُنَّ على الخيرِ، أو لَيُسْحِتَنَّكُمُ اللهُ جميعًا بعذابٍ، أو لَيُؤَمِّرَنَّ عليكم شِرارَكم، ثم يَدْعو خِيارُكم فلا يُسْتجابُ لكم). رواه أحمدُ وابنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ.
وعن أبي هُريرةَ رضِي اللهُ عنه عن النبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: ((إنَّ العَبْدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِن رِضْوَانِ اللهِ لا يُلْقِي لها بَالاً يَرْفَعُهُ اللهُ بها دَرَجاتٍ، وإنَّ العبدَ لَيَتكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ من سَخَطِ اللهِ لا يُلْقِي لها بَالاً يَهْوِي بها في جَهَنَّمَ)). رواه البخاريُّ.
وعن عَلْقمةَ بنِ وَقَّاصٍ الليثيِّ عن بِلالِ بنِ الحارِثِ المُزنِيِّ رضِي الله عنه أن رسولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: ((إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيتكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ من رِضْوانِ اللهِ ما كانَ يَظُنُّ أن تَبْلُغَ ما بَلَغَتْ، يَكْتُبُ اللهُ له بها رِضْوَانَهُ إلى يومِ يَلْقَاهُ، وإنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ مِن سَخَطِ اللهِ ما كانَ يَظُنُّ أنْ تَبْلُغَ ما بَلَغَتْ، يَكْتُبُ اللهُ له بها سَخَطَهُ إلى يومِ يَلْقَاهُ)). رواه مالكٌ في المُوَطَّإِ، وأحمدُ في مُسْندِه، وزادَ: (فكانَ عَلْقَمَةُ يَقولُ: كَمْ مِن كَلامٍ مَنَعَنِيهِ حَدِيثُ بِلالِ بنِ الحَارِثِ).
ورَوَى البَيْهقِيُّ عن مُحمَّدِ بنِ عَمْرِو بنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بنِ وَقَّاصٍ أنه قال: كانَ رَجُلٌ بَطَّالٌ يدخُلُ على الأُمراءِ فيُضْحِكُهم، فقال له جَدِّي: (وَيْحَكَ يا فُلانُ، لِمَ تَدْخُلُ على هؤلاءِ فتُضْحِكُهم؟! فإني سَمِعتُ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ المُزنِيَّ صَاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُحدِّثُ...) فذكَرَ الحديثَ.
فخَطَرُ اللسانِ عَظِيمٌ، وشأنُ الكَلامِ كَبِيرٌ، ومَن عدَّ كَلامَه من عَمَلِه احْتَرَزَ في مَنْطِقِهِ، وظَهَرَتْ عليه أماراتُ التَّقْوَى؛ فإن العبدَ إذا تَهاوَنَ في مَنطقِهِ مع رِقَّةِ دِيانتِه لم يَأْمَنْ أن يَتكَلَّمَ بكلمةٍ تُوجِبُ له سَخَطَ اللهِ ومَقْتَهُ، أو يَتَكَلَّمَ بكلمةٍ يَكْفُرُ بها ويَخْرُجُ بها من دينِ الإسلامِ، والعياذُ باللهِ.
وهذا الأمرُ يَكْثُرُ وُقوعُه عندَ الفِتَنِ ولا سِيَّما في آخِرِ الزمانِ كما في الصحيحين من حديثِ أبي هُريرةَ رضِي الله عنه أن رسولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: ((بَادِرُوا بالأعمالِ فِتَنًا كقِطَعِ الليلِ المُظْلمِ، يُصبِحُ الرَّجُلُ مُؤمِنًا ويُمْسِي كَافِرًا، ويُمْسِي مُؤْمِنًا ويُصْبِحُ كافِرًا، يَبِيعُ دِينَهُ بعَرَضٍ من الدُّنْيَا)).
نسألُ اللهَ السلامةَ والعافيةَ، وأن يُجِيرَنا من أسبابِ سَخَطِه وعقابِه.
ولذلك اشْتَدَّ خَوْفُ الصحابةِ والتابعين من الوُقوعِ في شيءٍ من أعمالِ المُنافِقينَ.
قال البخاريُّ في صحيحِه: (قال ابنُ أبي مُلَيْكَةَ: أدْرَكْتُ ثَلاثِينَ من أصحابِ النبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كلُّهم يَخافُ النِّفاقَ على نَفْسِه، ما منهم أَحَدٌ يَقولُ إنَّه على إيمانِ جِبْريلَ ومِيكائِيلَ.
ويُذْكَرُ عن الحَسَنِ: ما خَافَهُ إلا مُؤمِنٌ، ولا أَمِنَهُ إلا مُنافِقٌ).
قال زَيْدُ بنُ وَهْبٍ: (ماتَ رَجُلٌ من المُنافِقِينَ فلم يُصَلِّ عليه حُذَيفةُ، فقال له عُمَرُ: أَمِنَ القَوْمِ هو؟
قال: نعم.
فقال له عُمَرُ: باللهِ منهم أنا؟
قال: لا، ولن أُخْبِرَ به أحَدًا بَعْدَكَ). رواه ابن أبي شيبة.
وحُذيفةُ بنُ اليَمَانِ رضِي الله عنه كانَ قد أسَرَّ إليه النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بأسماءِ المنافقين، وهو من أعلمِ هذه الأُمَّةِ بأحوالِ المنافقين وأحكامِهم وأعمالِ النِّفاقِ، وكان الصحابةُ يَعْرِفونَ له قَدْرَه في ذلك، ولذلك كانَ عُمَرُ يَرْقُبُه إذا قُدِّمت جِنازةٌ، فإن رأى حُذيفةَ لا يُصَلِّي عليها لم يُصَلِّ عليها، واستنابَ مُن يُصَلِّي

[إدريس عبدالله]

Lesson nine: Warning against hypocrisy. (1\3)

Hypocrisy is the disagreement of external to the internal and it is of two types:
Major hypocrisy which withdraws from Islam.
And the minor hypocrisy which does not withdraws from the Religion.
As for the major hypocrisy, it means the manifestation of Islam and the concealment of infidelity.
Whereas the minor hypocrisy means to have some hypocritical characters in a servant, which does not withdraws from Religion on its own, such as lying, breach of promise, and betrayal of trust, immorality in violence, and treachery of covenant. These characters have been called hypocrisy because of what it carries of deception and inconsistency between the external and the internal of a person.

And the companions of major hypocrisy which withdraws from Religion are of two categories:
The first category: He who does not actually embraced Islam rather; he pretends to be a Muslim deceptively and trick to plot against Islam and its followers, in order to secure himself from killing, rebuking and ingratitude by Muslims, while he is internally a disbeliever in Allah and the last day.
Allah (the exalted) said:
﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ (8) يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾[البقرة: ٨–٩].
Meaning:"And of the people are some who say, "We believe in Allah and the Last Day, "but they are not believers.
They [think to] deceive Allah and those who believe, but they deceive not except themselves and perceive not Q2: V8-9.
And [Allah] (the exalted) said:
﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ (1) اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ [المنافقون: ١–٢].
Meaning:"When the hypocrites come to you, [O Muhammad], they say, "We testify that you are the Messenger of Allah." And Allah knows that you are His Messenger, and Allah testifies that the hypocrites are liars. They have taken their oaths as a cover, so they averted [people] from the way of Allah. Indeed, it was evil that they were doing. Q63:V1-2
The second category: He who apostates after his submission to Islam by committing what violates Islam and withdraws from Religion although he pretends to be Muslim, and among them are those who may be detected with their infidelity and withdrawal from Religion, and among them are those who think they are doing well.
And there is too much of hesitation, waver and doubt in the companions of this category, they carry out some acts of Muslims and they fall into some acts of infidelity and denial.
Allah (the exalted) said:
﴿إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ خَادِعُهُمْ وَإِذَا قَامُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَامُوا كُسَالَى يُرَاءُونَ النَّاسَ وَلَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا (142) مُذَبْذَبِينَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ لَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَلَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: ١٤٢–١٤٣].
Meaning:"Indeed, the hypocrites [think to] deceive Allah, but He is deceiving them. And when they stand for prayer, they stand lazily, showing [themselves to] the people and not remembering people except a little (142). Wavering between them, [belonging] neither to these [i.e, the believers] nor to those [i.e, the disbelievers]. And whoever Allah sends astray- never will you find for him a way (143). Q4:V142-143
And [Allah] (the exalted) said:
﴿وَمَا مَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كُسَالَى وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٥٤].
Meaning:" And their expenditures has not been prevented from being accepted from them except because of their disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger and that they come not to prayer except while they are lazy and that they do not spent except while they are unwilling." Q9:V54
Thus, their falling into the acts of disbelieving in Allah and His Messenger prevents their deeds from being accepted, because Allah (the exalted) does not accept any deed from an unbeliever.
And their laziness in going to prayer and hatred for giving out charity for the sake of Allah is an indication of their disbelief in the promise of Allah and not looking forward to meeting Him.
The reason behind their shortage in remembering Allah is that they remember Allah with their tongues hypocritically and for the sake of [I]riyaa [show off]while their hearts do not love the Religion of Allah (the exalted). With that, they are offenders and hesitant. They are not [exactly] as pagans outwardly and inwardly, and not believers outwardly and inwardly.
قال ابنُ كثيرٍ: (ومنهم مَن يَعْتريهِ الشكُّ، فتَارَةً يَمِيلُ إلى هؤلاءِ، وتَارَةً يَمِيلُ إلى أولئكَ ﴿كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠]، الآية) ا.هـ.
Bin Kathir said: And among them is one, who is attacked by doubt, thus at times he inclined to these and at times to those
.﴿كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠]، الآية)..
Meaning:" Whenever it lights [the way] for them, they walk therein, and when it darkens upon them they stand [still].
Q2: V2O.
Abdullah the son of Umar said:"I heard the Prophet (S.A.W) as saying:
((مَثَلُ المُنافِقِ كمَثَلِ الشَّاةِ العَائِرَةِ بينَ الغَنَمَيْنِ تَعِيرُ إلى هذه مَرَّةً وإلى هذه مَرَّةً)). رواه مسلمٌ
Meaning:"The similitude of a hypocrite is that of a sheep which roams aimlessly between two flocks. She goes to one at one time and to the other at another time.
وفي روايةٍ في مُسندِ الإمامِ أحمدَ: ((تَعِيرُ إلى هذهِ مَرَّةً وإلى هذه مَرَّةً، لا تَدْرِي أهذه تَتَّبِعُ أم هذه؟!)).
And in another narration as in Musnad of Al'imamu Amad:"She goes to one at one time and to the other at another time. She does not know which one to follow, this or that.
Allah (the exalted) has explained in His Holy book and the Prophet (S.A.W) has explained in his authentic tradition the works of hypocrites, their characters, their signs, their punishments in the world and in the hereafter and the rulings concerning relationship with them and the necessity for a believer to be cautious of hypocrisy and hypocrites, because they are bitter enemies and the worst of them in danger. For Allah (the exalted) has said concerning them:
﴿هُمُ الْعَدُوُّ فَاحْذَرْهُمْ﴾ [المنافقون: ٤].
Meaning:"They are the enemies, so be cautious of them. Q63: V4.
Therefore, it is obligatory for a believer to be cautious from their deception and artifice, and he should beware of being deceived by what they decorates of the acts of infidelity, immorality and disobedience, and he should be cautious of imitating them in their behaviors, and appearing in their appearance.
And the hypocrites in these two categories differs in degree of hypocrisy, some of them are worst in their hypocrisy and infidelity than others.
Thus, among them are those that are mutinous in hypocrisy and they are the worst in deception and enmity to Islam and Muslims, those who await the misfortune of Muslims, striving towards creating trials among them, weakening them and broadening the affairs of pagans and their capability. That is why they spread rumors, fibs and disquieting news, exciting suspicions, decorating eroticism, spreading fornications, harming the Muslims in their bodies and their honors, in different foxy and contemptible ways, and constricting them in their worldly and religious affairs to the best of their ability.
And they are driving [people] away from jihad for the sake of Allah and from commanding good deeds and prohibiting bad deeds, and they claim reformation in what they undergo of corruption and vitiation, while they describe the believers with foolishness, ignorance and unawareness.
And they drive (people) away from referring legislation to the Islamic law; they wish to offer legislation to taghut and they hate those who struggle in the cause of Allah, those who assist Islam and Muslim. The Prophet (S.A.W) said:
((آيةُ الإيمانِ حُبُّ الأنصارِ، وآيةُ النِّفاقِ بُغْضُ الأنصارِ)) متفق عليه من حديثِ أنسِ بنِ مالكٍ رضِي الله عنه.
Meaning:" "Love for the Ansar (helpers)is a sign of faith and hatred for the Ansar (helpers) is a sign of hypocrisy." Reported by Bukhari and Muslim form the narration of Anas the son of Malik (may Allah be pleased with him)
This is because the Ansar had helped the religion. So, the hatred of whoever hates them is a sign of hypocrisy.
And a general characteristic of the works of hypocrites is that, they enjoin what is wrong and forbid what is right and close their hands (i.e., they are stingy ).
And among the signs of these people is that, when an adversity or tribulation befalls a Muslim, they are pleased and happy about it. But when they [are blessed with] good, victory and superiority, it grieves them.
That is why their major and the most attached character happen to be taking disbelievers as allies instead of believers, and they disclose the secrets of Muslims to them, they instigate them [disbelievers] to lunch war against them [believers] and to have domination over them, and they seek their assistance on that. Allah (the exalted) said:
﴿بَشِّرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا (138) الَّذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيَبْتَغُونَ عِنْدَهُمُ الْعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا (139) وَقَدْ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ أَنْ إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ آَيَاتِ اللَّهِ يُكْفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسْتَهْزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقْعُدُوا مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى يَخُوضُوا فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ إِنَّكُمْ إِذًا مِثْلُهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَامِعُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا (140) الَّذِينَ يَتَرَبَّصُونَ بِكُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فَتْحٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نَصِيبٌ قَالُوا أَلَمْ نَسْتَحْوِذْ عَلَيْكُمْ وَنَمْنَعْكُمْ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَبِيلًا (141)﴾ [النساء: ١٣٨–١٤١].
Meaning:"Give tidings to the hypocrites that there is for them a painful punishment-(138)
Those who take disbelievers as allies instead of believers Do they seek with them honor [through power]? But indeed, honor belongs to Allah entirely (139).
And it has already been revealed to you in the book [i.e, the Qur'an] that when you hear the verses of Allah [recited], they are denied [by them] and ridiculed; so do not sit with them until they enter into another conversation. Indeed, you would then be like them. Indeed Allah will gather the hypocrites and disbelievers in Hell all together (140)..
Those who wait [and watch] you. Then if you gain a victory from Allah, they say, "Were we not with you?" But if the disbelievers have a success, they say [to them], "Did we not gain the advantage over you, but we protected you from the believers? Allah will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection, and never will Allah give the disbelievers over the believers a way [to overcome them](141). Q4:V138- 141.
And the fore mentioned deeds are for a category of hypocrites. Among them are those who fall into more than that and among them are those who fall into some of it, and whoever manifests Islam and commits that which withdraws from Islam, is then a hypocrite, [and a] pagan.
And among the hypocrites is one who wavers between Islam and paganism, sometimes he does the deeds of Muslims externally and internally, and sometimes he does that which takes him out of Islam. Hence, he is indecisive. He did not purify his religion to Allah neither is his foot firmly established in Islam and he did not believe in the promise of Allah.
And these are the people whose nature are exposed by tribulation, and disclose their nakedness and hypocrisy. They will be punished by a seal on their hearts, and with doubts, suspicion, and hesitation in their characters and actions. That is because, they know the truth and they refused to follow it, and Allah has admonished them but they did not accept His admonition and they did not follow His guidance. They do not have certainty in the truthfulness of the promise of Allah and His Messenger, and feign blindness, preference of this world to the hereafter and following self-desires have dominated their hearts from the guidance of Allah. Allah (the exalted) said:
﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ آَمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا فَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ [المنافقون: ٣].
That is because they believed, and then disbelieved; so their hearts were sealed over, and they do not understand. Q63: V3. And (the exalted) said:
﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آَمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ سَبِيلًا (137) بَشِّرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ١٣٧–١٣٨].
Meaning:"Indeed, those who believed and then disbelieved, then believed and then disbelieved, and then increase in disbelief – never will Allah forgive them, and nor will He guide them to a way (137).
Give tidings to the hypocrites that there is for them a painful punishment-(138) Q4: V37-38.

And the companions of this category among the hypocrites fall in to some acts of paganism, which withdraw from Religion, such as loyalty to pagans in times of trails and hardship, mockery of Religion, abusing Allah and His Messenger, disinclination from legislating the Laws [of Allah] and willingness to refer legislation to taghut, disbelieving in the promise of Allah and His Messenger, and similar things among actions, utterances and creeds, that withdraw its companion from the Religion of Islam.
And a servant may become disbeliever because of a word he utters as Allah (the exalted) said regarding the hypocrites:
﴿يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٤]؛
Meaning:"They swear by Allah that they did not say [anything against the Prophet (S.A.W)] while they had said the word of disbelief and disbelieved after their submission…Q9: V74.
So, these [people] have disbelieved by the word they uttered after they had become Muslims.
Huzaifah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:"A person may utter a word in the period of the Prophet (S.A.W) and becomes a hypocrite, and indeed I hear it from one of you in one position four times.
Verily, you must order good and forbid bad, and you must exhort in good things, otherwise Allah will exterminate you all with punishment, or he appoint over you the evil ones among you, then the pious ones among you will supplicate [to Allah] but you will not be answered. Reported by Ahmad, and Ibnu Abi Shaibah.
Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet of Allah (S.A.W) said:
((إنَّ العَبْدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِن رِضْوَانِ اللهِ لا يُلْقِي لها بَالاً يَرْفَعُهُ اللهُ بها دَرَجاتٍ، وإنَّ العبدَ لَيَتكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ من سَخَطِ اللهِ لا يُلْقِي لها بَالاً يَهْوِي بها في جَهَنَّمَ)). رواه البخاريُّ.
Meaning:" A slave (of Allah) may utter a word which pleases Allah without giving it much importance, and because of that Allah will raise him to degrees (of reward): a slave (of Allah) may utter a word (carelessly) which displeases Allah without thinking of its gravity and because of that he will be thrown into the Hell-Fire." Reported by Al- Bukhari.
Narrated Alqamah bin Waqqas Allithy from Bilal bin Al-Hrith Al- Muzani (may Allah be pleased with Him) verily the Messenger of Allah had said:
((إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيتكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ من رِضْوانِ اللهِ ما كانَ يَظُنُّ أن تَبْلُغَ ما بَلَغَتْ، يَكْتُبُ اللهُ له بها رِضْوَانَهُ إلى يومِ يَلْقَاهُ، وإنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكلمةِ مِن سَخَطِ اللهِ ما كانَ يَظُنُّ أنْ تَبْلُغَ ما بَلَغَتْ، يَكْتُبُ اللهُ له بها سَخَطَهُ إلى يومِ يَلْقَاهُ)). رواه مالكٌ في المُوَطَّإِ، وأحمدُ في مُسْندِه، وزادَ: (فكانَ عَلْقَمَةُ يَقولُ: كَمْ مِن كَلامٍ مَنَعَنِيهِ حَدِيثُ بِلالِ بنِ الحَارِثِ).
Meaning:"Indeed, a person may utter a word which pleases Allah without expecting it to reach the extent it reaches, but because of it Allah will write for him His pleasure to the Day he will meet Him, and verily, a person may utter a word which displeases Allah without expecting it to reach the extent it reaches, but because of it Allah will write for him His anger to the Day he will meet Him. Reported by Malik in [his book] Al- Muwatta, and Ahmad in [his book] Musnad and he adds [on the narration of Malik] that Alqama normally says: How many words has the hadith of Bilal the son of Alharith stopped me from uttering?.
And Albaihaki narrated on the authority of Muhammad bin Amr bin Alkamata bin Waqqas that he said: there was a jobless man who visits the emirs and makes them laugh, so my grandfather said to him: Woe to you O so-and-so, why do you visit these people and make them laugh? For I have heard Bilal the son of Alharith the Muzanian -companion of the prophet (S.A.W) – he then mentioned the hadith.
Thus, the danger of the tongue is great and the matter of speech is magnificent. He who considers his speech as part of his deeds will be cautious of his speech, and the sign of piety will be shown on him, because if a servant is careless in his speech while he is flimsy in Religion, he may not be safe from speaking the word which will necessitate the wrath of Allah and His abhorrence on him, or he may speak a word with which he will become a disbeliever, and withdrawn from the Religion of Islam. We seek refuge with Allah.
And these issues frequently occur at periods of sedition, particularly in the last days [of the world], as [was reported] in the Sahih of Al-Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (S.A.W) has indeed said:
((بَادِرُوا بالأعمالِ فِتَنًا كقِطَعِ الليلِ المُظْلمِ، يُصبِحُ الرَّجُلُ مُؤمِنًا ويُمْسِي كَافِرًا، ويُمْسِي مُؤْمِنًا ويُصْبِحُ كافِرًا، يَبِيعُ دِينَهُ بعَرَضٍ من الدُّنْيَا)).
Meaning:" Be prompt in doing good deeds (before you are overtaken) by turbulence which would be like a part of the dark night during that stormy period. A man would be a Muslim in the morning and an unbeliever in the evening or he would be a believer in the evening and an unbeliever in the morning, and would sell his faith for worldly goods.
We seek from Allah safety and effaced, and to protect us from the causes of His wrath and His abhorrence.
That was why the fear of the companions of the Prophet (S.A.W) and their subsequent followers from falling in any of the acts of hypocrites became intensified.
Bukahri has said in his [book] Assahih:
Ibnu Abi Mulaika has said: I met thirty from the companions of the prophet (S.A.W) each one of them is afraid of being among the hypocrites, none of them said that he was on a degree of faith as that of [angel] Gabriel and [angel] Mika'il.
And it is reported Alhasan usually say: no one fears it [i.e, hypocrisy] except a believer and no one feels safe from it except a hypocrite.

Zaid bin Wahab said:" a man among the hypocrites died, so Huzaifa did not pray on [his] corpse, so Umar said to him, is he among the people? [i.e, hypocrites] he said: yes. Umar then said to him: please am I among them? He said: no, and I will never inform anyone of it after you. Reported by Ibnu Abi Shaibah.

And Huzaifa ibnul Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) has been informed secretly of the names of the hypocrites by the Prophet (S.A.W) thus, he is the most knowledgeable of this nation concerning the characters of hypocrites, their rules and hypocritical acts. The companions of the Prophet (S.A.W) know his position in that respect, because of that Umar normally observe him when a funeral is forwarded, if he does not see Huzaifa [among those who come to] pray on the copes he does not pray on it, and he deputizes one to pray on it so that he may not disclose the secrete of the Prophet (S.A.W)